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Burmese Python

Burmes Python

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SPECIES: BURMESE PYTHON · STATUS: NONNATIVE/INVASIVE

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The Python – Invasive snake threatening the Everglades

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Geographic Range and Habitat:

 Burmese pythons are native to parts of Asia, including India, China, the Malay Peninsula, and parts of the East Indies. In the United States, Burmese pythons are an established species in Southern Florida, meaning they are breeding and expanding their populations in the wild. Burmese pythons are also invasive, a term for non-native species that have detrimental effects on either humans, ecosystems, or both. Burmese pythons are semi-aquatic and inhabit jungle and marsh habitat in their native range, an ecosystem and climate with many similarities to that of southern Florida. The Florida Everglades, however, has a very different species composition than that of southeastern Asia. Southern Florida already has apex predators (i.e. American Alligators, Florida Panthers, etc.) that keep the ecosystem balanced. When a new predator is introduced, this balance becomes uneven, and prey for other predators can become extinguished, creating a ripple effect (trophic cascade) on nearly every species in the ecosystem. This is the very real threat of the Burmese python invasion in Southern Florida. Currently there are reports of Burmese pythons as far west as Naples, and are encroaching as far north as Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge. Observations in other areas of the state are most likely released pets, and are likely unconnected to the established population in south Florida.

Disclaimer: If you have spotted a Burmese Python, please report it immediately by calling the Exotic Species Hotline at 888-Ive-Got1 (888-482-4681) or report it online here:  https://www.eddmaps.org/florida/report/

History of the Florida Invasion:

The invasion of Burmese Pythons in southern Florida was the result of no single act. A conglomeration of released and escaped pets is thought to be the major driver behind the invasion. Events such as Hurricane Andrew in 1992, which destroyed a breeding facility for Burmese pythons, also contributed heavily to the now established population. The exact timeline of establishment is not unanimously agreed upon, however dates range from the 1980s to the mid-1990s. The invasion was first confined to Everglades National Park and Miami-Dade County, however in recent decades has spread north and west. Burmese pythons are somewhat limited by the frost line; they cannot survive in prolonged freezing temperatures. However, Burmese pythons are known to inhabit burrows of other species, such as Gopher Tortoises, which can provide a slightly warmer sanctuary needed to survive cold temperatures. This adaptation combined with increasing overall temperatures (due to climate change) may facilitate an expansion beyond southern Florida.

Why are Burmese Pythons so Difficult to Remove?

Despite an immense amount of attention and research, there is relatively little known about the population status of Burmese pythons in southern Florida. There are numerous obstacles making research and removal of pythons extremely difficult. One obstacle is the climate and terrain of the Everglades; dense sawgrass, thick underbrush, slippery floc, jagged limestone, and near constant inundation of water makes active searching/hunting for Burmese pythons dangerous and overly time-consuming. Burmese pythons are also sit-and-wait predators, therefore lures and traps are an ineffective method of removal. On top of these operational obstacles, Burmese pythons blend seamlessly into the environment; in fact very few observations have occurred out in the middle of the wetlands. The best chances of spotting a Burmese python are by driving rural roadways at night, where you may by chance see a Burmese python crossing the road. As one can imagine, this drastically reduces the area by which Burmese pythons can be removed and/or monitored.

Appearance:

Burmese pythons are large, thick bodied snakes. Adults on average are between 6-9 feet in length and weigh around 25-40 pounds, though individuals larger than 12 feet and well over 150 pounds are caught relatively often in southern Florida. Burmese pythons are yellowish brown overall with distinct dark brown blotches outlined by light brown or yellow. They have an elongated, triangular-shaped head with a brown pyramid-shape extending towards the mouth. Burmese python hatchlings have the same patterning as adults and are about 1-2 feet in length upon hatching.

Diet:

Burmese pythons consume just about anything that moves. They predominately prey upon small and medium-sized mammals such as Florida mice, hispid cotton rats, black rats, Marsh rabbits, raccoons, opossums, and even the federally endangered Key Largo woodrat. They also prey upon a range of wading bird species, including the federally endangered Wood Stork, and reptiles such as turtles and other snakes. Larger Burmese pythons require larger prey items, and some have been reported to consume bobcats, White-tailed deer, and even American Alligators. The high density of Burmese pythons and their capacity to consume prey has led to a depredation of numerous species in the Everglades.

Behavior:

Burmese pythons are solitary animals that are primarily active at nighttime, and are best seen crossing roadways at night. They are non-venomous constrictors, squeezing tightly around prey to suffocate it before swallowing. They are also ambush predators, and will hide and wait for hours in one place waiting for prey to stumble across them. This is a primary reason why traps are not effective for catching Burmese pythons. Burmese pythons are not inherently aggressive towards humans, but will strike if harassed. Although non-venomous, Burmese pythons have a large gape and sharp teeth. Do not attempt to handle a Burmese python unless properly trained. If you see a Burmese python, please report it to the Exotic Species Hotline at 888-Ive-Got1 (888-483-4681).

Reproduction:

Burmese pythons reach sexual maturity at around 8 feet in length. Females may lay anywhere from 30-100 eggs after a 2-3 month gestation period. Mating occurs during the winter and spring (Dec.-Apr.), laying occurs in late spring to early summer (May-Jun.), and hatchlings are often found in late summer to early fall (Jul.-Sep.). Mothers are known to defend the clutch and keep it warm by wrapping around it and twitching their muscles.

Active research:

Recent:

Ongoing:

  • There are several ongoing management programs aimed at removing Burmese pythons, including use of detector dogs and VHF (very high frequency) radio telemetry. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) and the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) have employed certified python contractors who are incentivized to remove pythons. More information on this program can be found here: https://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/nonnatives/python/action-team/

Did you know?

  1. Burmese pythons are illegal to own as pets, and cannot be bought or sold in the state of Florida.
  1. Burmese pythons are both excellent swimmers and climbers.

 

  1. The public is encouraged to kill wild pythons whenever possible. It is legal to kill a python on your private property and on 25 public lands in southern Florida with the proper permit. However it is illegal to transport Burmese pythons, whether dead or alive. You can find information on the eradication and control permit here: https://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/nonnatives/rule-development/trappers/

Literature Cited

Bonneau, M., Johnson, F. A., & Romagosa, C. M. (2016). Spatially explicit control of invasive species using a reaction–diffusion model. Ecological modelling, 337, 15-24.

Dove, C. J., Snow, R. W., Rochford, M. R., & Mazzotti, F. J. (2011). Birds consumed by the invasive Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus) in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA. The Wilson Journal of Ornithology, 123(1), 126-131.

Informational Links / References

 

Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission: https://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/profiles/reptiles/snakes/burmese-python/

https://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/nonnatives/python/fast-facts/

National Geographic:

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/reptiles/facts/burmese-python#:~:text=Native%20to%20the%20jungles%20and,the%20largest%20snakes%20on%20Earth.

National Park Service:

https://www.nps.gov/ever/learn/nature/burmese-python.htm

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service- Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge

https://www.fws.gov/southeast/tags/burmese-python/

U.S. Geological Survey:

https://www.usgs.gov/centers/wetland-and-aquatic-research-center/science/science-topics/pythons

The Croc Docs:

https://crocdoc.ifas.ufl.edu/publications/factsheets/Burmese%20pythons%20in%20S%20FL_IFAS%20factsheet_final_NPS.pdf

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Taxonomy

  • Kingdom- Animalia
  • Phylum- Chordata
  • Class- Reptilia
  • Order- Squamata
  • Family- Pythonidae
  • Genus- Python
  • Species- Python bivittatus

Species Listing Status

  •  Native- No
  • State Listing – Invasive
  • Federal Listing – Not listed

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Aleida (Ali) Bergeron

Vice President, Executive Committee, Board of Directors

Ali Bergeron emigrated from Cuba in 1959. She grew up in Coral Gables and has lived in Broward County since 1982 where she attended law school at Nova Southeastern University. She has two children, Jackie and Steven, who are both lawyers and practicing law in Ali’s firm.

Ali has been practicing law in Ft. Lauderdale since 1985. She has served on numerous boards. She served as chairperson of the Broward County Commission on the Status of Women and co-chaired the Broward County School Board Desegregation Task Force. She also served on the board of the United Way, Hispanic Unity, and Broward House. She served on the executive board of Broward Partnership for the Homeless and helped raise the money to build a homeless center in Fort Lauderdale that would assist residents to find housing and employment opportunities with a goal of becoming self-sufficient. To date, 35,000 individuals and families have successfully become self-sufficient.

In 1994, Ali was appointed by Governor Chiles as the first woman to sit on the Florida Boxing Commission and was later reappointed by Governor Jeb Bush.

Ali considers one of her most significant accomplishments the comprehensive report generated for the Broward County School Board to bring educational equity to the school system. The report made recommendations that removed educational barriers based on race. It promoted equitable policies that provided all children with equal educational opportunities regardless of race, religion, or ethnicity.

In addition, Ali along with her husband, Ron Bergeron, support many organizations including The Boys and Girls Clubs of Broward County, the Arthritis Foundation, In Jacob’s Shoes, Bit by Bit, Humane Society of Broward County, the Crohns and Colitis Foundation, Covenant House, Project Stable, Florida Children’s First, Crime Stoppers, the Zoological Society of Miami, American Heart Association, Broward County School Board Brace Scholarships, American Cancer Society, Nova Southeastern University and Junior Achievement. Ali is passionate about education, Florida’s environment, wildlife, fishing, and horses.

Diamond Bergeron

Diamond Bergeron

Vice President, Executive Committee, Board of Directors

Diamond Bergeron is a 6th generation Floridian who has spent her entire life in the heart of the swamp. Her deep love for the environment and its wildlife, and her desire to protect it, were inspired by her father “Alligator” Ron from a very young age. Her childhood was spent in the seat of an airboat, on the back of a horse, and under the crown of centuries old Cypress trees.

While a third-year student at the University of Miami, Diamond made a bold move to Nashville, Tennessee to pursue a career in music. In the midst of writing songs, she completed her senior year at Belmont University, graduating with a bachelor’s degree in psychology and business administration.

With the intent to continue pursuing her musical aspirations, Diamond felt pulled by her deep-seated roots to return home and immerse herself in the advocacy of Everglades restoration and conservation. As she has said, “I came home because I knew that music would always be there—but the Everglades may not be. Right now, it needs my voice much more than a song does.”

Diamond currently serves as the Vice President of the Bergeron Everglades Foundation and as a board member of the Cypress Chapter of the Izaak Walton League of America, one of America’s oldest and most successful conservation organizations. She also serves on the board and acts as secretary for the Alligator Ron Bergeron Everglades Museum, a project that is in development and aims to celebrate and preserve the environmental legacy of the Everglades and wild Florida. Through her unwavering commitment to community engagement, outreach, and the cultivation of a new generation of conservationists, Diamond continues to champion the preservation of her natural heritage, ensuring that the majesty of the Everglades thrives for all to cherish and protect in perpetuity.

Ken Strauss

Ken Strauss

Treasurer, Executive Committee

For more than 40 years, Ken Strauss has been a guiding force in tax consulting, estate planning, and financial advisory for entrepreneurs and business owners. Throughout his extensive career, he has been instrumental in steering clients through the complexities of their business journeys, providing invaluable support from the initial corporate structuring to meticulous succession planning. Ken’s expertise goes beyond conventional tax consulting, making him a trusted advisor for both founders and second-generation owners.

A significant aspect of Ken’s practice revolves around estate planning and crafting personalized financial strategies. Working closely with the firm’s affiliate, Provenance Wealth Advisors, he ensures clients benefit from a comprehensive approach to income, estate, financial, and investment planning. Ken focuses on serving individuals and entrepreneurs, corporate executives, professional service firms, high-net-worth individuals, real estate ventures, and family businesses. His dedication to excellence is evident through his active participation in professional affiliations, such as his role as Past Chairman, Florida Institute of Certified Public Accounts, as well as on the Governing Council and Financial Literacy Task Force at the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.

Ken’s commitment extends to the community, where he has served as the past treasurer and a board member for the Jewish Federation of Broward. Additionally, he contributes to the Take Stock in Children – Broward Chapter Board of Directors. Ken earned his Master of Science in Taxation from Florida International University and his Bachelor of Science from Boston University, showcasing his unwavering commitment to ongoing education and expertise in his field. With a rich history of leadership and a diverse skill set, Ken Strauss continues to be a cornerstone in the fields of tax and financial planning.

Lonnie Bergeron

Lonnie Bergeron

Secretary, Executive Committee, Board of Directors

Lonnie Bergeron has an extensive background in land development, having worked on both commercial and residential projects such as the Bergeron Park of Commerce and Industry and many of South Florida’s residential housing developments. Lonnie is a Certified General Contractor and Certified Underground Utility and Excavation Contractor, as well as a Licensed Qualifier for Bergeron Land Development. Lonnie has worked on highway projects such as the Sawgrass Expressway and I-595. He also has experience in the telecommunications industry, the mining industry, and municipal solid waste disposal and recycling.

Lonnie heads many of the fifty-four companies operating under the umbrella of the Bergeron Family of Companies. The Bergeron Family of Companies has contributed to numerous charitable causes throughout their nearly 60 years in business. Additionally, Lonnie donates his time to Everglades Restoration projects, Boys and Girls Clubs of America, and the YMCA Y-Princesses and Y-Guides programs.

Lonnie resides in Fort Lauderdale with his wife, Tori, and their two children, Savannah and Wyatt.

Savannah Bergeron

Board of Directors

Savannah Bergeron is a recent graduate of Harvard Law School. During her time in law school, she spent two years working for the Harvard Animal Law & Policy Clinic, where she advocated on behalf of endangered species, such as the West Indian Manatee, and other wildlife. Savannah also served as Academic Chair for First Class, a first-generation college student affinity group, and was an Article Editor and Student Note Author for the Harvard Environmental Law Review, where she published a Student Note on the Food and Drug Administration’s compliance with major federal environmental laws. Previously, she was also the Director of Community Development for the Harvard Law Entrepreneurship Project, a student practice organization that gives legal assistance to local start-ups, and served on the Submissions Committee for the Journal of Law and Technology.

Prior to law school, Savannah graduated cum laude from the University of Florida with a B.S. in Biology and a B.A. in Business Administration.

Savannah also has experience working in an environmental law practice group and plans to work in environmental law after graduation and after being admitted to the Florida Bar. Savannah cares deeply about Everglades conservation and restoration and is honored to bring her academic insights and life experience as a Gladeswoman to the board.

Kali Parrish

Kali Parrish

Board of Directors

Kali Parrish is the executive assistant to “Alligator” Ron Bergeron. She brings over 15 years of experience specializing in administrative leadership, office, and project management. Kali manages all correspondence and affairs related to Mr. Bergeron and his affiliations. Her role extends beyond typical administrative duties; she actively contributes as a board member of the Bergeron Everglades Foundation and serves as the key liaison for projects coordinated with the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services.

Dedicated to community service, Kali is a vital committee member of the annual “Ranch Roam” fundraiser for the Boys and Girls Clubs of Broward County and plays a significant role in the “Sawgrass to Seagrass” educational initiative with the Guy Harvey Foundation. Her commitment to conservation and education reflects her deep-rooted passion for the natural world.

A proud native Floridian, Kali’s love for the outdoors and horses is profound. She has volunteered as the Sponsorship Coordinator for the Davie Rodeo Association’s Youth Summer Series. When not orchestrating events behind the scenes, Kali competes in rodeos alongside her daughter, sharing her love for equestrian sports and nature.

Jaz McKibbon

Jaz McKibbon

Field Operations Specialist & Naturalist

Jaz McKibben is a naturalist who specializes in documenting wildlife and their habitats for conservation purposes. In both terrestrial and underwater settings, Jaz believes in using imagery as a storytelling tool to highlight the challenges faced by endangered species and vulnerable ecosystems. With the Bergeron Everglades Foundation, Jaz assisted with the implementation and management of a remote camera trap grid to monitor the populations and behavior of wildlife inhabiting the Big Cypress, such as the Florida panther, Black bear, American alligator, and more. As part of the BEF team, she transformed raw camera trap data into conservation-inspired media to support the preservation efforts of the Bergeron Everglades Foundation. During her free time, she can be found diving Florida’s vast underwater cave systems and exploring her favorite swamps.

Matthew Parrish

Matthew Parrish

Lead Guide and Principal Navigator

Matthew Parrish stands as the Lead Guide and Principal Navigator at the Bergeron Everglades Foundation, where he masterfully blends his extensive knowledge of natural landscapes with expert navigation skills. In his role, Matthew orchestrates every expedition with precision, ensuring both safety and success while delving into the heart of the Everglades. His deep understanding of the region’s ecology and his strategic approach make him an invaluable asset in advancing the Foundation’s mission to preserve and enhance this vital ecosystem. Whether charting new paths or guiding critical projects, Matthew’s expertise ensures a steady course towards achieving the Foundation’s goals.

Luis Felipe

Luis Felipe

Multimedia Production Specialist

Luis Felipe, a TV Producer/Director/Cameraman/Editor, founded VTM Productions, Inc. in the early 1990s. With over 30 years in the industry, he has won numerous awards for his work on TV shows, documentaries, and travel programs. He won the 2001 Miami Fest Award for “Dimelo Cantando,” a series that aired on PBS and the South America Travel Channel. In 2002, his work for WLRN earned him several TV awards, including Telly Awards for “All in The Same Boat” and “Discovery South Florida.” His series “Weird Florida” also won a Telly Award. His wildlife series for WLRN won an Emmy for “Florida Panther.”

Luis Felipe’s documentary work includes directing photography for the Emmy-nominated “Macy’s Thanksgiving Parade,” producing the Emmy-nominated “The Aviators Journal,” and working on the Emmy-winning “Frecuencia” with Emilio Estefan. His 2008 PBS show “Simply Ming” was National Emmy-nominated, and he received a NETA Award in 2009 for a breast cancer documentary.

In recent years, he won Emmys for “Peru’s Desert Penguins” (2019), “Troubled Waters: A Turtle’s Tale” (2020), and “Plastic People” (2020). He also completed a social justice documentary that won seven film festivals. Luis Felipe is currently collaborating on the Florida Everglades restoration with Alligator Ron Bergeron and producing global travel shows with Porthole Cruise and Travel.

Kristen Licthman

Administrative Assistant at Bergeron Everglades Foundation & Museum

Kristen Lichtman is a proud Florida native with a deep-rooted passion for the natural beauty and unique ecosystems of her home state. A graduate of Florida Atlantic University, Kristen has harnessed her educational background to fuel her commitment to environmental conservation. Her love for the outdoors and travel has taken her on numerous adventures, allowing her to experience and appreciate diverse landscapes and cultures. Yet, her heart remains closely tied to the Everglades, a cherished treasure of Florida. Kristen is dedicated to making a tangible impact in preserving and restoring this vital wetland, working tirelessly to ensure that future generations can continue to marvel at its splendor.

Through her advocacy and efforts, Kristen Lichtman strives to make a meaningful difference in safeguarding the Everglades, blending her academic knowledge with her personal passion for the environment.

Brenden Hojara

Marketing

Brenden Hojara, a native of South Florida, has always had a deep connection to the natural world, a bond that was nurtured from a young age by his grandfather, the renowned conservationist Alligator Ron Bergeron. It was in the heart of the Everglades, under his grandfather’s guidance, that Brenden first discovered his love for nature and the great outdoors. This early exposure to Florida’s unique ecosystems ignited a lifelong passion for environmental stewardship and a profound appreciation for the beauty of God’s creation.

As he grew, Brenden carried this passion with him, making it a central part of his life and identity. Now a father, he is dedicated to passing on his love for the natural world to his children, teaching them the importance of respecting and preserving the environment. Brenden believes that instilling these values in the next generation is essential to ensuring that the natural wonders he cherishes are protected for years to come.

Professionally, Brenden is the driving force behind his successful Digital Media & Software Company. Despite the demands of his business, he remains committed to maintaining a balanced life, one that allows him to stay connected to the outdoors. When he isn’t in the office, Brenden can often be found hiking through lush trails, biking across scenic landscapes, or simply exploring the vast and varied wilderness that South Florida has to offer.

Brenden Hojara’s life is a testament to his unwavering dedication to nature, family, and faith. Whether in his professional endeavors or personal pursuits, he continually strives to honor the legacy of his grandfather while carving out his own path as a steward of the environment and a loving father.